Examining the long-term behavior of volcanoes with satellite data is an important step toward a better understanding of the scientific tools available to predict eruptions.
analyzed 17 years of remote sensing observations of 47 volcanoes in Latin America, where more than 60% of active volcanoes are unmonitored.
They looked at three types of data: sulfur dioxide gas emissions, which often increase before a volcano erupts; thermal measurements; and radar data that show how a volcano is changing shape.
Volcanoes are generally found where two to three tectonic plates pull apart or come together.
A mid-oceanic ridge, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by "divergent tectonic plates" pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by "convergent tectonic plates" coming together.
Finally, volcanoes can be caused by "mantle plumes," so-called "hotspots;" these hotspots can occur far from plate boundaries, such as the Hawaiian Islands.
Interestingly, hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system, especially on rocky planets and moons.Credit: i Stock.com/John Crux Millions of people live within 100 kilometers of an active volcano, in danger from volcanic bombs, lava flows, and clouds of ash.Predicting when a volcano will erupt is incredibly difficult, even with heavy monitoring.Researchers have found a new way to estimate how fast magma is recharging beneath the Yellowstone supervolcano.While their findings offer no help in predicting if the volcano will erupt, they can ... SUGGESTIONS FOR NARROWING THIS TOPIC Analyze the recreational aspects of volcanoes. Resources on this topic are not limited to those described and availability will depend upon the individual library. Without long-term, ground-based observations, scientists often can’t determine whether these signals are normal disturbances or harbingers of a dangerous eruption, yet half the world’s active volcanoes have no ground-based monitoring systems.New research suggests satellite data could help to fill that gap and improve scientists’ understanding of the complex warning signs a volcano may issue before it erupts. Choose a specific volcano to report on; e.g., Haleakala, Kilauea, Mt. NATIONAL ORGANIZATION TO CONTACT FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Inter-Association Commission on Tsunami, C/O Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way, N. Discuss the environmental aspects of volcanic eruptions.
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This facility--a sister observatory to the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory-- facilitates the increased monitoring and research on not only Mount St. Helens but also the other volcanoes of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest. More recently, in cooperation with the State of Alaska, the USGS established the Alaska Volcano Observatory in March.…
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